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B. Write the words opposite in meaning to those given.
1. export – ________________ 6. proud – ________________

2. loose – ________________ 7. receive – ________________

3. expensive – ________________ 8. sell – ________________

4. applaud – ________________ 9. dried – ________________

5. clear – ________________ 10. sickly – ________________

C. Match the words with their meanings.

1. glistening soil

2. earth repeated

3. labour shining

4. battled hardwork

5. reiterated fought

Grammar Skills

A. Simple Past Tense and Past Perfect Tense
The simple past tense refers to a completed action or event that happened at a specific time
in the past.

The past perfect tense refers to a completed action or event that happened before another
action or event in the past.

Look at the examples below.
• She ate breakfast.

(Here the speaker refers to a completed action that happened in the past)
• She had eaten breakfast before she left for work.

(Here the speaker mentions an action that happened before another action)
The past perfect tense shows a connection between the two actions while the simple past
tense simply describes the events and actions that took place.

Compare the sentences.
• The train left. Then I reached the station.

• The train had left before I reached the station.
The past perfect structure had + past participle form of the verb (left) speaks of the action that
happened before another action (reached the station).

The simple past form of the verb (reached) speaks of the action that happened after another
action.

Arrow - English Plus-8 98